informed consent except in the case of an emergencya doctor must obtain a patients agreementinformed consentto any course of treatment doctors are required to tell the patient anything that would substantially affect the patients decision such information typically includes the nature and purpose of the treatmentits risks and consequences and alternative courses of treatment

知情同意除紧急情况外，医生必须取得病人的同意任何治疗方案的知情同意医生必须告诉病人任何会对病人的决定产生重大影响的事情，这些信息通常包括治疗的性质和目的、风险和后果以及其他治疗方案

以上为机器翻译结果，长、整句建议使用 人工翻译 。