Software vendors provide workarounds for this problem, but they are vendor specific and still incur cost in system administrator time.

软件供应商提供了解决此问题的解决方案，但他们是针对供应商的，并且会导致管理时间成本增加。

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"Costly punishment," the type of punitive behavior studied by Nowak and his colleagues, refers to situations where a punisher is willing to incur a cost in order to penalize someone else.

“昂贵的惩罚，”这种被诺瓦克和他的团队研究的特定类型的惩罚行为，指的是处罚者愿意花费一定的成本来惩罚另外一些人的行为。

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This has the advantage of not slowing down any new development, but can incur the cost of more difficult integration later on, when changes to the beta site must be re-integrated with the main site.

这么做的好处就是不会降低任何新开发的速度，但是，随后当这些测试网站的更改必须和主网站集成的时候，会产生更麻烦的集成成本。

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Securities firms that provide investment research incur the cost of employing analysts to produce that research.

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Firms that have modest inventions that are easy to invent around will not incur the cost of obtaining patents.

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Initially, you may incur some cost to create the right soil conditions, but the long-term payoff is enjoying your own fresh fruits, vegetables and flowers.

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