The hertzsprung - russell diagram serves this purpose . it is a plot of absolute magnitude against surface temperature i . e . , spectral type of stars.

简单来说，赫罗图把大量恒星的绝对星等和表面温度或谱型关系以图表方式显示出来。

youdao

It is similar to a Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram but the latter plots luminosity (or absolute magnitude) rather than just apparent brightness and a knowledge of the distances of the stars plotted is also needed.

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