Major Chinese cities, such as Beijing and Shanghai, have become cosmopolitan cities, she said.

中国的主要城市北京和上海，已成为世界性都市，她说。

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With the increasing research on global resource and environment, studies on the transformation of natural resource-based cities have become a focus in the academia as a cosmopolitan problem.

随着全球资源环境问题研究的不断深入，资源型城市转型问题的研究成为一项世界性的研究课题。

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