The net effect of the formula is the normalization of the gross profit generated by individuals that have various billing rates, but will incur similar carbon emissions.

这个公式的最终效果是个人各种记账率产生的总利润，但将导致类似的碳排放。

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The results showed that the application of Robust Estimation Theory in forestry gray modeling could not only avoid the effect of gross error, but also reach the predicted precision over 80%.

结果表明，利用稳健估计理论来进行林业灰色建模，不但可以抗击粗差的影响，而且预测精度基本满足在80%以上。

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Objective To investigate the protective effect of gross saponins of tribulus terrestris(GSTT) on H2O2-induced oxidative-stress damage in PC12 cells.

目的探讨蒺藜皂苷（GSTT）对H2O2诱导的PC12细胞氧化应激损伤的保护作用。

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Without excluding these tax effects, investors would only see the gross effect that excluding these expenses had on our operating results.

ENGADGET: Google's Q4 2011 results: $2.71 billion profit, $8.13 billion in revenue, Wall Street disappointed

Riba said he had been dismissed with immediate effect for gross misconduct.

BBC: Tyne & Wear

It is simply not possible to throw that much money into an economy and not have a positive effect on gross domestic product.

FORBES: New Asia