Freezing is a general phenomenon in the cold area. Ice flood is a rise of water when ice is hindered in river course.
冰冻是寒冷地区普遍存在的一种自然现象，而凌汛则是河道里的冰凌对水流的阻力作用而引起的一种涨水现象。
This phenomenon has important ecological implications in that if ice were to be denser than water, then the lakes, exposed to low temperatures would start freezing from the bottom up.
这种现象有着重要的生态学意义。如果冰比水的密度大，那么暴露于低温之下的湖泊将会从底部开始向上发生冰冻现象。
This phenomenon can lead to corrosion of reinforcement and alkaliaggregate reaction of concrete, furthermore, freezing injury of structure is caused in cold areas.
建（构）筑物渗漏水易导致钢筋锈蚀，混凝土发生碱骨料反应，在寒冷地区由于水的渗入导致结构体的冻害破坏等。
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