Miyagi before the tsunami was more successful than Iwate in attracting investment from automotive and semiconductor manufacturers, but its coastal communities' prospects were almost as bad. Before the disaster, local economic planning officials, mindful of the risk of a big quake, were mulling ways to offset the effects of the prefecture's shrinking population and falling incomes. Cities such as Minamisanriku, one of the worst hit coastal towns, were living on borrowed time as fishermen aged, fewer young people became fishermen, fish stocks fell, and productivity waned.

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