As Kramsch says, culture in language learning is not an expendable fifth skill, tacked on, so to speak, to the teaching of listening, speaking, reading and writing.

就像克拉姆契所说，语言教学中的文化并不是除了听、说、读、写技巧以外可有可无的第五种技巧。

youdao

For many of the fifth graders, it's clearly a struggle to demonstrate the second-grade-level skill.

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