This approach separates the adaptive law and the control approach such that it avoids traditional 'certainty equivalence principle' which makes system analysis and practical application complicated.

该方法实现了自适应律与控制方法的分离，从而避免了传统‘确定性等价原理’带来的系统分析和实际应用的复杂性。

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This paper tries to prove equivalence of Kelvin Statement and Clausius Statement of the second law of thermodynamics under negative absolute temperature by reduction to absurdity.

用反证法证明在负绝对温度下热力学第二定律的开尔文表述和克劳修斯表述等效。

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Some topics, such as the implication of non-station ary, equivalence of non-stationary random process, and power law process, are studied.

其次，证明任何一个非平稳过程都可以用可数个调制非平稳过程来模拟或等效。

youdao

For all its breadth, the newer law is actually a step away from disability as identity, dodging the question of equivalence among conditions.

NEWYORKER: Little Strangers