In 1171 Henry II became the first of many English monarchs to cause trouble in Ireland.

1171年，亨利二世成为首位给爱尔兰带来麻烦的英国君主。

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English monarchs periodically had to dicker with its wealthier subjects for financial resources.

英国的君主时不时还得跟该国的富人讨价还价以求财政支持。

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Ten months after their arrival Albemarle died of what Sloane diagnosed as dropsy and the whole party returned to London, where they arrived just as William III and Mary were crowned joint English monarchs in spring 1689.

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Small medieval differences in the absolutism of English and Spanish monarchs were amplified by historical chance.

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But he and she are as much a part of the fabric of English history as the monarchs, lawmakers and political leaders they defied.

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