The structural and magnetic properties of the granular film are studied by atomic force microscope, energy dispersion X-ray spectrum, X-ray diffraction, and alternating gradient magnetometer.

利用原子力显微镜、能量散射X射线谱、X射线衍射和交变梯度磁强计研究了该颗粒膜材料的结构和磁学性质。

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The failure of the powder metallurgy valve seat was analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray energy spectrum and X-ray diffraction.

采用力学、物理性能测试，金相、扫描电镜、能谱和X衍射分析研究了气门座圈产品失效的主要原因。

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The study of surface uniformity of the response of the filter and X ray diode to measure soft X ray spectrum is reported.

介绍了用于软X光能谱测量的滤光片及X射线二极管能量响应均匀性研究。

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"The X-ray spectrum of the loop is extraordinary, " said Dr Masaaki Sakano of the University of Leicester.

BBC: Arches Cluster, Leicester

Only instead of amplifying visible light, it amplifies photons in the X-ray spectrum.

FORBES: Scientists Build The World's Most Powerful Laser

When the sun is in this state, it also sends less energy out in the soft X-ray and extreme ultraviolet parts of its spectrum.

MSN: Earth's upper atmosphere cooling dramatically