Another powerful tool in Analyze phase is the application of VSM (Value Stream Mapping) with 7 wastes analysis; this is to enrich the user with ideas for problem solving possibilities.

在此阶段另一个有用的工具是通过对7种浪费分析的价值流图的运用，这也是为了让使用者在解决问题时有更多的选择。

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At the heart of a value investor's analysis is the assumption of an expected stream of earnings to be derived from the net assets of a company.

FORBES: The P/E Problem