Stimulation of this receptor in vitro results in up-regulation of activated extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK).

体外实验中对相应受体进行刺激后导致对细胞外信号调节酶（ERK）的激活有促进作用。

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The injury induced by these ventilation strategies includes alterations to the surfactant system and up-regulation of inflammatory markers.

这些通气策略所致的肺损伤包括表面活性物质的改变和炎性标记物的表达上调。

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Up-regulation of jejunal IGF-1 and IGF-IR expression during refeeding suggests a role for the IGF action pathway in gut trophic responses to enteral nutrients.

再喂养时空肠IGF-1和IGF-IR表达的向上调节表明，IGF作用途径在对肠内营养物产生肠道营养反应的过程中起作用。

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Stepped-up regulation of social networking is seen as a particular threat to India's Web growth.

WSJ: Facebook, Google to Stand Trial in India

The shift towards a more pre-emptive form of regulation, in which a build-up of systemic risk is addressed before trouble hits, will probably mean telling borrowers that credit has been turned off for their own good.

ECONOMIST: Financial regulators

But, as was discovered in the last big shake-up of financial regulation in 1986, applying the rulebook may take different skills from writing it.

ECONOMIST: The Financial Services Authority