If the underlying growth rate of productive capacity had remained the same, this would imply that the economy was operating around 10% below its potential output.

如果生产能力潜在生长率保持不变，意味着经济比其潜在产出能力减少10%。

youdao

Yet there has been little improvement in the euro area's underlying growth rate in the past ten years. Income per person has remained at around 70% of that in America.

然而在过去十年，欧元区的潜在增长率却几乎没有提高，人均收入也始终停留在美国人均收入的70%左右。

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After every downturn the economy eventually bounced back so that for the period as a whole America's underlying growth rate per person remained remarkably stable (see chart 2).

每一次低潮后，经济最终都会反弹。因此从每一阶段整体来看，美国的人均增长率相当平稳(见图表2)。

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Remember how we got inflation targets in the first place: we got them because academic opinion suggested that central banks could not really affect the underlying growth rate.

BBC: A new target for the Bank of England?

Investors were nonetheless impressed with the company's underlying growth rate.

FORBES: Magazine Article

We also knew that the underlying rate of growth in the economy was weak to non-existent.

BBC: UK GDP: A nasty surprise and a puzzle