Retained earnings represent the total profits the company has earned since it began, minus whatever has been paid to shareholders as dividends.

留存收益指的是，公司运营之初除去支付股东股息的部分所得的总利润。

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If the dividend tax rises to 20% next year from 15% today, then the total tax on dividends paid to shareholders would be closer to 50%, and that doesn't include state and local taxes.

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This double taxation equals federal taxes of 45 cents on every dollar of taxable income paid as dividends (and total taxes of more than 53 cents in high tax states like New York).

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Dividends on insurance policies if they exceed the total you paid for the contract.

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