This part mainly indicates the increase of the dealers embodies the commercialization of art which is one of the characteristic of painting trade of mid and late Ming Dynasty.
重点指出绘画交易群体的扩大化不但是艺术进一步商品化的表现，也是明代中晚期绘画交易的特点之一。
In the private compilation of the mid and late periods of Ming Dynasty, there appeared two schools of solemnness and wittiness.
明代中后期的私人修史，形成严肃与谐趣两种流派。
T he heretical thoughts sp rung up in the mid and late Ming Dynasty boldly affirming the value of human des ire and the rationality of secular life.
中晚明异端思想涌起，大胆肯定人欲价值和世俗生活的合理性。
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