The Joule heat generated in the interconnect is transferred mainly through the metal lines in each metal layer and through the path with the smallest thermal resistance in each Ield layer.

研究表明互连线上焦耳热的主要散热途径为金属层内的金属线和介质层中热阻相对小的路径。

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Real refrigerators actually work with liquids that go into gases so use the latent heat of the liquid, so it doesn't really work like the Joule-Thomson expansion. So this is real.

液体变成气体来工作，以运用液体的潜热，所以这不是，真正像焦耳-汤姆逊膨胀一样工作，这是真实的气体，不像焦耳。

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In current through a conductor joule heat generated by the electric furnace for the heat source.

以电流通过导体所产生的焦耳热为热源的电炉。

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The relationship between heat and work was initially proposed in the 1940's by Joule.

热量和功的关系首先是,由焦耳在1940年提出的。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Real refrigerators actually work with liquids that go into gases so use the latent heat of the liquid, so it doesn't really work like the Joule-Thomson expansion. So this is real.

液体变成气体来工作,以运用液体的潜热，所以这不是,真正像焦耳-汤姆逊膨胀一样工作,这是真实的气体，不像焦耳。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

This one turns out to be the heat capacity, and this one turns out to be something that we measure in the Joule-free expansion.

其实，这就是热容，这是焦耳自由膨胀实验中,我们要测量的物理量。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选