Real median income increased by an average of 1.6% a year between 1979 to 1997, according to the Institute for Fiscal Studies, a think-tank, and then by 1.9% until 2007.

根据财政研究学会——一个智囊团——的研究表明，真正的中产阶层收入在1979年到1997年间以1.6%的平均速度增长，而从1997年到2007年则以1.9%的速度。

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In 2007 Britain's Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) estimated that a 5% rise in fuel duty would cut the income of the poorest decile of Britons by 0.27%; the richest decile would lose only 0.11%.

2007年，英国财政研究学会估计燃油供应量每上涨5%，贫困人口就会为此减少0.27%的收入，而富于人口就会为此减少0.11%的收入。

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On the new forecasts, the permanent weakening in the public finances from the financial crisis and recession is 5% of GDP, according to the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), a think-tank.

根据智库财政研究学会(IFS)的最新预测，由于经济危机和衰退的原因，公共财政的固定削减占gdp的5%。

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The Institute of Fiscal Studies is warning of a decade of pain, following the spending cuts and paying down debt.

BBC: Banking on the future

Meanwhile, the head of the Institute of Fiscal Studies told MSPs at Holyrood that the spending squeeze has a lot more cutting to do.

BBC: Scottish independence: Crunch point for the numbers

That's just one of the issues to which the Institute of Fiscal Studies intends to return over the next year or so of looking in depth at the prospects for Scottish independence.

BBC: Scottish independence: not whether, but how?