Duricrust is a hard layer on or near the surface of soil.

铝铁硅钙壳是土壤表面或其附近的一层硬物。

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The depositing surface of soil-retaining DAMS has certain vertical gradient, the tail exists obvious phenomenon of "raising tails".

淤地坝淤积面有一定的纵比降，尾部存在显著的“翘尾巴”现象。

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After the replacement measure of the canal surface, the loss of stability of the shallow surface of soil body is mainly subject to the strength of the expansion and reduction zone of slope plane.

在进行渠坡表面置换措施后，土体浅层失稳主要受控于开挖过程中坡面胀缩影响带的强度。

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Along with some pieces of uniform, a bottle, some coins and a pipe were found with the body, just below the surface of the soil.

BBC: Hunt for WWI soldier's family

Other culprits include the application of fertilizer in the fall, when the ground is bare, and the spreading of manure on the surface, instead of into the soil.

WSJ: Report predicts ever-bigger Lake Erie algae blooms

Because it doesn't stir up the soil, it lets the land keep its stored carbon and even adds some, because those corn stalks on the surface gradually become part of the soil.

NPR: Iowa Farmers Look to Trap Carbon in Soil