A subsequent ratification has a retrospective affect, and be equivalent to a prior command.

事后追认有溯及力，等同先前命令。

youdao

A subsequent ratification has a retrospective affect, and be equivalent to a prior command.

事后假追认有溯及力，等同先前命令。

youdao

A subsequent ratification, which has a retrospective effect, is equivalent to a prior command.

事后追认有溯及力，等同先前命令。

youdao

The Washington Post recently reported that, subsequent to the ratification of the so-called "New START" Treaty, the United States maintains a "major advantage over Russia" in nuclear weapons.

CENTERFORSECURITYPOLICY: Center For Security Policy