Congress also made strong rules about what southern states had to do to re-enter the Union.
VOA: special.2010.02.04
Kenya last year sent its troops to fight al-Shabab in Somalia - they have now joined the 18, 000-strong African Union (AU) force supporting the UN-backed government.
The rising numbers of part-time workers, anti-union legislation (in some states it is easier for workers to opt out from a union) and the strong anti-union disposition of firms like Wal-Mart all discourage membership.