Virtual enterprise-a new organization model-is the result of the deepening of specialization and division of labor.

虚拟企业是由于专业化与分工进一步深化而产生的一种新的企业组织模式。

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We also conclude that the level of division of labor is determined by the Trade off between economies of specialization and economies of scope.

专业化经济与范围经济的权衡最终确定最优分工水平；从非排它性要素的配置说明了范围经济对分工的限制。

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With adopting the model of virtual enterprise organizations will benefit from economies of specialization and economies of division of labor in social scale.

采取虚拟企业这种组织模式能够在社会范围内获得专业化经济与分工经济的好处。

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Free trade raises our standard of living, not by adding jobs, but by increasing what Adam Smith called the division and specialization of labor, making jobs more productive.

FORBES: Protection Does Not Create Jobs