This paper presents a credit risk management models-probability of default (PD) model.

本文主要介绍了一种信用风险管理模型——违约概率（PD）模型。

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Firms should reassess their risk management models to guard against stress and report to supervisors on their efforts.

公司应当重审风险管理案例，防范压力并向监管者汇报情况。

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Meanwhile, without considering the characters of heavy-tailed distributions, risk management models will certainly underestimate risk and cause seriously effects.

同时，如果不考虑厚尾分布特征，风险管理模型必将低估风险，这可能产生非常严重的后果。

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The tool follows a step-by-step climate resilience framework inspired by existing good practice risk management models.

FORBES: Climate Change Is Here. How Companies Are Preparing For It

The principles also govern internal risk management models and regulatory capital models.

FORBES: Improving Risk Aggregation and Reporting Poses Major Challenges to Banks

Also, when things went wrong, and the risk-management models flashed red, the firm could not unwind its positions as quickly as the model had assumed.

ECONOMIST: A new approach to financial risk