层内的这部分混杂此时也被称为残余混杂(residual confounding),残余混杂这个名词有时也在其他情形中使用。如根本没有被控制的混杂,或者是某因素被完全控制但对它的测量从一开始就是不准确的...
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Fourth, residual confounding by SES or other unmeasured factors might be a concern.
第四,应该注意到由于SES或者其它不确定的因素造成的剩余混淆。
Finally, they noted that they could not rule out the possibility of residual confounding.
最后,他们指出尚不能除外残余混杂的可能性。
Thus residual confounding could not be completely excluded, and the findings could not assign causality.
这些残留的混乱不能被完全的排除,这个结果不能认为有因果关系。
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