The European: And what effect might that have on the probability of existential risk?

《欧洲人》：那会对存在风险的出现概率有什么影响？

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If speculation depends completely on luck, the probability of making and losing money is almost equal, which has no effect on society. (if the human resources and materials consumed are not included.)

如果投机完全是碰运气，赚钱和赔钱的概率差不多相等，对社会没有什么作用(如果不计入投机所消耗的人力物力)。

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The effect of increasing the probability of a cache hit in the near cache is a 42% improvement in data access time.

近缓存中缓存命中率逐渐增加，其效果是数据访问时间提高了 42%。

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The economic effect of population decline will, in all probability, be severe, long-lasting, and evident soon.

FORBES: Is China Running Out Of Workers?

Spending more time in school did reduce the probability of a teenage pregnancy, but on a much smaller scale than the effect of a pregnant sister.

BBC: Teenage pregnancy is 'contagious'