The value chain was first developed as a business idea in the second chapter of “Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance” by Michael Porter, first published in 1985.

迈克尔-波特在其1985年出版的“竞争优势：-营造并保持最佳表现”的第二章，首次将价值链作为一种商业理念提出。

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Michael Porter, who looked closely at the activities of 33 large American companies between 1950 and 1986, found that 55% of their acquisitions were later divested.

迈克尔·波特，在1950之1986年间仔细考察了33家美国大型公司的活动情况，发现55%的公司在并购后不久就发生剥离。

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Twenty years ago Harvard Business School's leading guru, Michael Porter, devoted just one sentence of his 855-page “The Competitive Advantage of Nations” to Israel;

二十年前，哈佛商学院的领衔大师，迈克尔﹒波特，在他厚达855页的《国家竞争优势》中，只有一句话提到了以色列。

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Perhaps Peter Drucker, Michael Porter and Tom Peters should be nervously looking over their shoulders.

FORBES: The Business School Beat

Michael Porter (see article), a professor at Harvard Business School, has looked recently at this seemingly paradoxical revival of industrial clusters.

ECONOMIST: Idea: Clustering | The

According to Michael Porter, Harvard Business School professor and author, being biggest meant you had created entry barriers that kept your turf safe.

FORBES: Magazine Article