The microstructure, the surface atoms and the average manganese valence were investigated by XRD, X-ray photoelectron spectrum(XPS)and spectrophotometric method with potassium permanganate.
利用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和高锰酸钾分光光度法，对铁氧体粉末的微观结构、表面原子信息和锰的平均价态进行了研究。
The surface compositions of the pretreated PVDF membrane were determined by Fourier transform adsorption spectrum (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
采用傅立叶红外光谱（FTIR）和X光电子能谱（XPS）对预处理前后PVDF中空纤维膜表面化学结构进行分析。
The background of X ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum, which was often neglected in the past, may provide valuable information on surface morphology and depth profile.
光电子谱中的背景信号包含样品的信息，但过去往往被忽略。
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