Gorbachev responded to the Soviet Union's problems by introducing perestroika, or economic restructuring, and glasnost, an element of political freedom. Perestroika was unable to reverse the collapsing Soviet economy despite Gorbachev's best efforts. Corruption and bureaucracy was far too entrenched in the economy for legislation to make a dent in the economic crisis. Glasnost was more successful but not in the ways that Gorbachev envisioned. The first free elections in over seventy years occurred in 1989 and reformist politicians swept into power in regional positions across the nation. Boris Yeltsin captured a seat in the new Congress.
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We will continue to create jobs for workers laid off because of economic transformation or because of enterprise reorganization, restructuring, closure or bankruptcy.
进一步解决体制转轨遗留的下岗失业人员再就业问题和重组改制、关闭破产企业的职工安置问题。
Economic Transition and Regional Industrial Restructuring in China: Structural Convergence or Divergence?
经济转轨和中国省区产业重构——结构趋同还是趋异？
This will help focus efforts on restructuring and improving economic returns, and also prevent an overheated economy and poor quality or redundant development.
这样，有利于引导各方面把主要精力放在调整结构和提高效益上，也有利于防止经济过热和 低水平重复建设 。
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