Dark pools are fast-growing off-exchange trading platforms designed to enable investors to buy and sell shares without tipping off other traders.

暗池是正在快速增长的场外交易平台，该平台旨在使投资者购买和出售股票时不会透露给其他交易者。

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Although most shares in Europe are still traded on exchanges, there is growing interest in alternatives, such as off-exchange trading between investment Banks.

尽管欧洲的大部分股票都在交易所进行交易，越来越多的人对替代性场所感兴趣，比如投资银行间的场外交易。

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London is now the world leader in the trading of foreign-exchange and over-the-counter (off-exchange) derivatives.

现在伦敦是外汇交易和金融衍生品柜台交易是世界的领头羊。

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Big exchanges face threats from off-exchange trading and, in Europe, regulation coming into force by 2007 will blur the distinctions between over-the-counter and on-exchange trading.

ECONOMIST: London Stock Exchange

The SEC is also studying the effects of various trends that have shaped the U.S. stock markets over the course of the last decade, including the proliferation of high frequency trading and of off-exchange trading in so-called dark pools.

FORBES: SEC Sets 6-Month Test of Stock Circuit Breakers

The SEC has already proposed a number of changes designed to address their growing influence, including extra restrictions on broker-dealers that provide direct market access to high frequency traders, a trader tracking system for large traders, circuit breakers that would slow trading in individual stocks if they fall more than 10%, and new rules for off-exchange trading venues.

FORBES: SEC Wants Real Time Trading Data