If your first cash flow occurs at the beginning of the first period, the first value must be added to the NPV result, not be included in the NPV calculation.

如果第一个现金流出现在第一期的开始，则第一个值必须加到NPV结果中，而不是包含在NPV计算中。

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To accommodate cash flow fluctuations, you can adjust the ROI calculation to include the net Present Value (NPV) of the net benefits divided by the NPV of the implementation costs.

要包含现金流的波动，可以调整roi计算，以包括净利益的净现值(Net Present Value, NPV)除以实现成本的NPV所得的值。

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Then obtain base-case, best-case, and worst-case NPV and calculate mean NPV and standard deviation to (roughly) estimate the magnitude of the risk inherent to the project.

然后得出基本情况，最好情况，最差情况下的净现值，再计算平均净现值和标准偏差，（粗略地）估计该项目的内部固有风险的大小。

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This means that the NPV of the bond is equal to the notional at the time of sale.

FORBES: Irish Deal Calculations: Alternative Bond Sale Scenario

Here again we see that neither inflation nor GDP growth will erode the real value or NPV of the bonds.

FORBES: Irish Deal Calculations: Alternative Bond Sale Scenario

Organic users typically have a higher NPV, a higher conversion rate, a lower churn, and more satisfied than customers acquired through marketing spend.

FORBES: The Dangerous Seduction of the Lifetime Value (LTV) Formula