These are intertwined in the network architecture in a plethora of service adjuncts, each with its own systems for operations, provisioning and maintenance.

这些交织在一起，纠缠着网络架构，每个部分都有单独的运行、服务、维护系统。

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The underlying network architecture can be divided into three layers (Device layer, Transport layer, and Control layer) plus the service layer and will be introduced from bottom to top respectively.

基础网络体系结构可分为三个层次(设备层、传输层和控制层)，其上还有服务层，我们将按照从下向上的顺序分别进行介绍。

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Service layer: On top of the IMS network architecture, we have the service layer.

服务层：在IMS网络体系结构之上是服务层。

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The fact a military service that invented the concept of network-centric warfare could pursue such an architecture at this late date suggests that in some parts of the federal government, nobody is really in charge of cyber policy or has the authority to mandate security standards.

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