This article discusses the mathematical theory models of all kinds of measuring methods in considerable detail.

文中对各种测量方法的数学理论模型进行了较为详细地论述。

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However, this kind of algorithm is often based on mathematical theory models which are difficult to be understood.

然而，这类算法往往要以复杂的数学理论模型为基础，较难理解。

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Game theory creates mathematical models that analyze different conditions like this to predict outcomes.

博弈论创造了数学模型来分析像这样的不同情况以预测结果。

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Extra dimensions are of interest because string theory, a class of mathematical models based on quantum theory that seeks to describe reality in the most fundamental way, requires that there be at least six of them, maybe more.

ECONOMIST: Cosmology

In theory, ratings agencies and mathematical models help investors price the risk they are taking on, even if the securities they are buying are scarcely traded.

ECONOMIST: Risk and the new financial order