The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an idea but an ideology.

反快乐艺术的兴起与大众传媒的出现几乎是同步的，与之相伴的是一种商业文化，在这种文化中，快乐不仅仅是一种主张，而是一种意识形态。

youdao

Not long ago mass media was about the only kind of culture there was.

就在不久前，大众媒体还是文化的唯一一种形式。

youdao

But that's just a bunch of whales in a group imitating each other. That's not like the mass media pop culture humans have, right?

但仅仅是一群鲸在互相模仿，与人类时下大众媒体的流行文化风牛马不相及，是吧？

youdao

China never went through the culture of mass media that the West, especially the U.S., experienced.

FORBES: Learning From China's Online Advertisers

The definition is fluid, but popular culture, language, film, music and mass media all certainly fit the bill, and China is making or at least trying to make inroads on all those fronts around the world.

FORBES: New China Podcast: Soft Power And E-Bikes

That said, however, today's digital media culture -- which shatters the 20th century mass audience into billions of 21st century authors and enables them all to broadcast their most intimate thoughts to the world -- seems to be making narcissism the default mode of contemporary existence.

CNN: Does the internet breed killers?