“The long-term effect of a policy-and-service intervention—that's essentially what this is—depends on so many factors, ” Collins explained.

柯林斯解释：“本质上这就是一种政策与服务干涉，而它的长期效果取决于很多因素。

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But remember the really bitter medicine has yet to take effect - the long term squeeze in health service finances.

BBC: Drop in trust for David Cameron as NHS guardian

Andrew Krepinevich, a retired Army officer and defense analyst, worries about the long-term effect of the recruiting shortfall on the country's largest military service.

NPR: Army Recruiting Gap May Force Compromises