The results show that:under the no preheating condition, the microstructure of weld metal is columnar austenitic, and brittle martensite exists in the fusion zone and over-heated zone unavoidably.
研究结果表明：在不预热条件下，用KD286焊补钢轨，焊缝组织为柱状奥氏体组织，熔合区和过热区不可避免地产生脆硬的马氏体组织。
Cooling the profile by immersing and pulling it through a water tank is faster but creates a zone of heated water around the profile, which inhibits heat transfer.
把型材浸没于水中通过一个水箱拉动的冷却方法，会在型材周围建立一个热水区，这个热水区会阻碍热交换。
Nitride precipitation is the primary type of nitrogen loss in the heated affected zone during welding process.
焊接加工时热影响区氮化物析出是固溶氮的一种主要损失方式。
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