abstract:Graham Hawkes (born 23 December 1947)Times-News, "Graham Hawkes Is Racing To Ocean's Bottom", 5 September 1993, NYT Regional Newspapers is a London-born marine engineer and submarine designer.BBC News, "'Flying' submarines plumb hidden depths", Peter Day, 7 September 2010 (accessed 12 September 2010) Through the 1980s and 1990s, Hawkes designed 70% of the manned submersibles produced in those two decades.