Geographic information systems (GIS) and online mapping applications continue to become more powerful and easier to use every year.

地理信息系统(GIS, Geographic Information System)与在线地图应用服务每年都在变得更强大和易于使用。

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It also supports supervisory control and data acquisition tools, geographic information systems, and office applications.

同时，它也支持顶层控制和数据获取工具，地理信息系统以及办公室应用。

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Efficient path query processing is a key requirement for advanced applications including GIS (Geographic Information systems), navigation systems, and computer networks.

有效的路径查询处理是地理信息系统、导航系统及计算机网络等高级应用中的一个关键需求。

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