Faithfulness criterion in the traditional translation theories is an absolute, static, unilateral, source-text oriented criterion confined to literary translation.
传统意义上的忠实是一种绝对、静止、单一、以原文为导向的翻译标准，并且只是局限于文学翻译。
Faithfulness is the first criterion: the target language equivalents must be faithful to the source language words in lexical, syntactic and pragmatic meaning.
文章认为忠实性为首要标准，即翻译的对应词应在词汇意义、语法意义及语用意义上与原语词目相等同。
Translation variation has been ignored in translation studies for a long time mainly because "faithfulness" was considered to be the only orthodox criterion.
长期以来，人们把“忠实”视为翻译的唯一标准，因而忽视了对变译的研究。
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