With the help of mathematical model, the paper employs the concept of external effect in economics and its relevant theory to explore the effects of foreign players on league utility.

引入经济学中外部效应的概念和理论，并借助于数学模型分析了外员使用对联赛效用的影响。

youdao

The institution of student aid in campus is an external institution according to Neoinstitutional Economics.

从新制度经济学视角出发，大学生资助制度是一种外在制度。

youdao

The endogenous impetus of clustering for Shaoxing textile industry lies in external economics of scale.

绍兴市纺织产业集聚的内在动因在于外部规模经济效应。

youdao

We at the Centre for Research into Economics and Finance in Southern Africa, at the London School of Economics, and External Finance for Africa are involved in projects in more than 15 African countries aimed at enhancing their ability to monitor and to manage volatile international capital flows.

ECONOMIST: Letters

And while Eli may be correct that people who produce a lot of external value get rewarded in the long run, it would help if the economics field did a better job of rewarding positive externality generating behavior and of explicitly arguing for optimal social norms.

FORBES: Economists and the Public Good

But while Croatia may be looking for external solutions to invigorate its economy, one expert on southeast Europe from the London School of Economics told CNN the country must also overcome internal hurdles.

CNN: Croatia PM: We need Italy to recover