Objective To evaluate the effect of craniotomy on the CSF drug concentration by measuring drug concentration in blood, in subcutaneous transudation and in CSF.

目的通过测定开颅术后周围静脉血、皮下引流液及脑脊液中药物浓度，来评价开颅手术对脑脊液药物浓度的影响。

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Conclusions there is a significant individual variation in the pharmacokinetic parameters, therefore, the dose should be individualized on the basis of blood drug concentration monitoring.

结论老年心衰病人的个体药代动力学参数波动范围大，个体差异更为突出，临床应在血药浓度监测的基础上实行最佳个体化给药。

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RESULTS:71.7% of the results of blood drug concentration were in the reference range.

结果：71.7%患者的血药浓度结果在参考范围内；

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