Every January the cost of travelling by train rises, imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise.

每年一月，乘火车出行的费用都在上涨，对于那些除了乘坐火车上班之外别无选择的人来说，这给他们带来了巨大的额外负担。

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ECONOMISTS have long recognised the arguments for imposing special taxes on goods and services whose prices do not reflect the true social cost of their consumption.

经济学家们早已认识到，对价格不能真实反映其社会成本的商品和服务，应当强制进行特别征税。

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But there are cases like the power plant that emits smoke that dirties my shirt in which the company is imposing a cost on me for which I'm not being compensated.

但还有其他的情况，例如发电厂排出的烟雾弄脏了我的衬衫，这种情况下，该公司将被强制赔偿我的损失。

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The problem is this: Politicians are always falling all over themselves to hand out goodies to families, while looking for ways to minimize the cost by imposing quirky limits and phaseouts, ( see chart).

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One hotly contested idea in the U.S. and Europe lately, and once advocated by John Maynard Keynes during the Great Depression, is a financial transactions tax imposing a cost on buys and sells of stocks or bonds.

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Most notably, Obamacare is imposing an enormous cost on smaller corporations, the engine of job growth.

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