The operating system maintains a table of virtual address-to-physical address translations so that the computer hardware can respond properly to address requests.

操作系统维持着一个虚拟地址到物理地址的转换的表，以便计算机硬件可以正确地响应地址请求。

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Once the machine has booted, BIOS will have a different use, appears to have a standard for computer hardware application programming interface of the DOS system.

一旦机器启动，BIOS就有了不同的用途，显示具有针对电脑硬件的标准应用程序编程接口的DOS系统。

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This lossless data-compression library can be used on virtually any computer hardware and operating system, required by SDL.

这个无损数据压缩库可以在任何虚拟计算机硬件和操作系统上运行，SDL 需要使用这个库。

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And if you've ever heard the word driver software that you install in your computer so that your computer, your operating system, Windows or Mac OS, knows how to talk to that piece of hardware, it's that driver software that then empowers the operating systems to send those commands as well, up, the data is laid out on the disk.

并且如果你听说过安装到,电脑中的驱动软件这个词的话，你的操作系统，比如Windows或者是苹果操作系统，通过这个驱动软件我们的电脑，才能知道如何与这个硬件进行通信,正是因为这个驱动软件，操作系统才能根据数据，左右移动的指令来读取磁盘里的数据。

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That's in contrast to mainframe applications, or even versions of the "open" Unix operating system that were specific to a given computer manufacturer's hardware.

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