The experimental results show that both the failure modes and crack position of the tubes under axial compressive load changed when the end of the composite tubes are strengthened.
结果表明，复合材料圆管端部加强后，其轴压破坏模式和破坏位置都发生了改变。
Analystical or simple accurate approximate formula of critical load of plunger under its weight and compressive force on the end or hydraulic pressure and compressive force on the end are provided.
给出重力与压载、液压与压载下临界压载的解析公式或简便精确的近似公式。
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