The purpose of this paper is to discuss the application of the artificial neural Network (ANN) to the commercial bank loans risk warning.

在探讨人工神经网络（ ANN）在商业银行信贷风险预警中的应用。

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But if the other side of the swap is taken by a hedge fund whose finances are dependent on loans from that same bank, has risk really been transferred?

但如果公司利用对冲基金交换，而对冲基金依靠的正是该银行的贷款，那最终承受风险的还是银行。

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They also use requisitioned land as collateral for bank loans, adding to the potential woes of a banking system in which risk is poorly understood.

征收的土地被用于向银行贷款的担保，但是由于并没有完全理解风险的含义。

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Bank loans are all about risk and collateral.

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Risk aversion also adds to interest rate costs on short term bank loans, and with Russia considered a risk investment, loan costs inevitably rise.

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But if the other side of the swap is taken by a hedge fund whose finances are dependent on loans from that same bank, has risk really been transferred?

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