I am inclined to hypothesize that guilt, shame, and badness are emotions which occur as responses instead of the response which, by action or symbolizing, we would otherwise give our felt referent.

我倾向于这样假设：内疚感，羞耻感，已经感觉很坏都是作为情绪来回应，而不是通过行动及符号化对感受指涉物的回应。

youdao

So in the Flint example, your brain anticipates a threat and your cortisol level spikes, readying your body for action, but a feeling of general badness calls for no specific action.

因此，在弗林特市水危机的例子中，你的大脑预见到了威胁，你的皮质醇水平飙升，让你的身体做好行动的准备，但笼统的糟糕感不会激起具体的行动。

youdao