The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.

唯一主要的反对意见来自大法官安东宁·斯卡利亚，他甚至为可追溯到《外国人与煽动叛乱法》的州特权提供了更强有力的辩护。

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Justices Alito, Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas agreed.

阿利托、安托宁·斯加利亚和克莱伦斯·托马斯法官都表示同意。

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Justices Thomas and Antonin Scalia set the bar higher, arguing that the method would have to be "deliberately designed to inflict pain" to be unconstitutional.

托马斯法官和斯卡利亚法官把标准定得更高，称只有“刻意引起伤痛”的行为才是违宪。

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Justice Antonin Scalia, in a dissent, said the assumption behind the 1988 decision, Basic vs.

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