India's persistent food inflation, to take another example, is made worse by an antiquated system of storage and transport that lets between 25% and 40% of some crops spoil before they reach market.

又比如印度持续的食品价格通胀，因为过时的储运系统变得更糟，有些农作物投入市场之前，会有25 - 40%的损耗。

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'it is only if the banking system starts to expand credit that you get higher spending and inflation,' says Ethan Harris, an economist with Barclays Capital.

Barclays Capital的经济学家哈里斯(ethan Harris)说，只有当银行体系开始扩大信贷时，才会出现支出增加和通货膨胀。

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A currency system which allows a gradual depreciation or appreciation in an exchange rate, usually to adjust for inflation.

根据通货膨胀的水平，允许货币逐渐贬值或升值的一种汇率制度。

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Furthermore, Wilson, the only president with a doctorate, tried to use the newly created Federal Reserve system and an elastic money supply to keep inflation in check, but the U.S. still saw double-digit inflation from 1917 to 1920.

WSJ: Checks & Balances | Museum of American Finance | Of Debt and Taxes | By Mark Yost

Then, the abrogation of the Bretton Woods monetary system in 1971 created an artificial demand for gold as an inflation hedge.

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What we do know is that an excess supply of money causes inflation and is detrimental to the workings of a market system.

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