然而，像亚马逊那样只依靠网络进行交易的零售商们正面临来自从事非网络交易的传统商店的更为激烈的竞争，包括像沃尔玛这样的超市巨头等传统商店都在改进其网上销售方式。
Yet internet-only e-tailers such as Amazon are also facing stiffer competition from bricks-and-mortar stores improving their own online offers, including supermarket giants such as Wal-Mart.
针对具有风险规避特征的制造商和零售商组成的双渠道供应链，分析非竞争环境下双渠道供应链中产品在不同渠道的最优定价；
For a supply chain with a risk averse supplier and a risk averse retailer, the optimal channel prices are studied under non-competition environment.
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