这种基因调控模式不仅限于真核生物，细菌利用小分子rna，尤其是那些从CRISPR位点沉默的噬菌体，转座子和质粒表达。
This mode of gene regulation is not restricted to eukaryotes; bacteria utilize small RNAs, notably those made from CRISPR loci that silence the expression of bacteriophages, transposons and plasmids.
非编码DNA，包括内含子，重复元件，和潜在激活转座子，其长期的沉默需要有效的机制。
Noncoding DNA, containing introns, repetitive elements, and potentially active transposable elements, requires effective mechanisms for its long-term silencing.
应用推荐