轨道平面,是指当一个天体环绕另一个天体时轨道被嵌进去的几何平面。在空间中只要有三个不在同一条直线上的点就可以确定一个平面,最常见的例子就是:在中心有一个大质量的天体,一个天体环绕中心天体的位置,以及经过一段时间之后环绕中心的该天体新位置。 在太阳系内,行星轨道倾角的定义是它的轨道平面和地球轨道间的角度。在其他的情况下,像是卫星环绕着行星的轨道,最方便的定义就是轨道平面和行星赤道平面间的夹角。
首先,我们知道所有行星的轨道都很靠近地球的轨道平面——黄道面。
First, we know that the planets all orbit close to the earth's orbital plane, the ecliptic.
这是很少见的,因为月亮常常不是在地球轨道平面的上方就是在下方。
It's rare because the moon is usually either above or below the plane of Earth's orbit.
望远镜能搜寻类似于冥神星那样以偏离太阳系的椭圆轨道平面绕太阳运行的矮星。
The telescope can be used to search for dwarf planets like Pluto that orbit the Sun off the solar system's ecliptic plane.
So again, if we think about that shape of that carbon atom, it's going to be trigonal planar, 120° it's going to have bond angles of 120 degrees, because we have this set up of having three hybrid orbitals.
如果我们考虑碳原子的形状,它是平面三角形,键角是,因为我们有这三个杂化轨道。
So, if we say that in this entire plane we have zero probability of finding a p electron anywhere in the plane, the plane goes directly through the nucleus in every case but a p orbital, so what we can also say is that there is zero probability of finding a p electron at the nucleus.
而只要是p轨道,这个平面都直接,穿过原子核,那么我们,可以说在原子核上,找到一个p电子的概率为零。
But in sigma orbitals, you have no nodal planes along the bond axis, so if we had a nodal plane here, we'd see an area where the wave function was equal to zero.
但在sigma轨道里,沿着轴向是没有节点平面的,如果我们有个节点,我们就会看到某个地方波函数等于0。
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